Overview
A new Phase 2 randomized controlled trial is evaluating a closed-loop transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) protocol for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Unlike conventional tDCS, this system uses real-time EEG monitoring to dynamically adjust stimulation parameters based on each patient's neural state.
Study Design
The trial randomizes 120 participants with TRD to receive either closed-loop tDCS (where stimulation adapts to EEG biomarkers) or standard open-loop tDCS over a 4-week treatment period. The primary outcome is change in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores.
Why It Matters
Approximately one-third of depression patients don't respond to standard pharmacotherapy. Non-invasive brain stimulation offers a drug-free alternative, but response rates with current protocols are inconsistent. Personalized, brain-responsive stimulation could significantly improve outcomes by delivering therapy optimized for each individual's neurophysiology.
